Importance of conduct as per Ayurveda and Yoga-

Importance of conduct as per Ayurveda and Yoga-  According to Ayurveda a person can enrich his personality by a good mode of conduct  the could be a personal conduct or social conduct. “Sada” means good and “Vritta” means conduct or manners. It is such that an individual is eligible to have a balanced and peaceful mind, only by practicing these principles.  Assured rules described by Ayurveda for this concept of code of conduct can be classified into the following five types.

1. Ethical Conduct (Vyavaharika Sadvritta), 2. Social conduct (Samajik Sadvritta), 3. Mental Conduct (Manasik Sadvtitta), 4. Moral Conduct (Dharmika Sadvritta)

5. Physical Conduct (Sharirik Sadvritta)

A few rules that are followed regarding this concept are: Always speak the truth, cease from getting addicted to sensory pleasures, control one’s passions, speak pleasant and sweet words, observe self-control under all circumstances, not harming anyone, adopting hygiene, care of sense organs, and proper clothing, showing respect and gratitude towards teachers, elderly and intelligent people and always interrogating the self about who am I and what is the purpose of my life?

By following these values based ways of living one can understand the actual divine and eternal nature of our soul. If one follows these rules and regulations a person can have a long and healthy life avoiding disease, and accessing wealth. He acquires Moksha (self-realization). Thus, he gets liberation and escapes from the cycle of birth and death.

Sadvritta or good conduct forms the substance of Yogic sciences which especially focuses on the concept of self-realization or liberation. It states that the mental-emotional habit of getting identified with our particular body, mind, possessions, and relationships, according to Yoga, is really a deep misidentification which keeps us stuck to our behavioral grooves, causing us to experience suffering (Dukkha) over and over again. Who we are in truth is 

something or someone beyond our particular body, mind, possessions, and relationships. From a yogic perspective, we are immortal. All branches and forms of Yoga have a sound moral life as their foundation. Such a life is guided by the principle of Dharma, which means “morality,” “law,” “order,” and “virtue.” It stands for moral virtues like non-violence (Ahimsâ), truthfulness (Satya), abstention from theft (Asteya), chastity (Brahmacharya), compassion (Karunâ), and kindness (Maitrî). Yoga is traditionally called liberation teaching (Moksha-shâstra). It seeks to liberate us from our limited notion of who we are.  Without a firm grounding in these moral principles, Yoga cannot lead us to its ultimate goal of liberation.                           However simple a particular Yogic approach may be, it requires a profound commitment based on self-restraint. This self restraint is nothing other than the logical thought line of Sadvritta.

Exploring the Prajasthapan action by bridging te logics of Ayurved and contemorary science--

Prajasthapan Mahakashaya Dravyas actually execute their focused action through various pathways. If analyzed logically, these pathways are practically the contrast actions for the obstacles in Prajasthapan actions. The obstacles are found to be follows.
Organ weakness: The strength of Kukshi i.e Garbhasay (uterus) is very important for Prajasthapan.[28] As, after the union of male and female gametes (Shukra Rakta Samyoga),the fetus is actually embedded and nurtured in Kukshi (uterus). A weakened and incompetent uterus and cervix proves fatal for fetus. The uterus, being a visceral organ, it is muscular (Mamsa Dhatu Pradhana). Hence when hindrance to Prajasthapan is due to organ weakness, the correction of Mamsa is expected to yield healing effect. The Dravyas such as Guduchi, Durva, Vatyapushpi (Atibala), Haritaki are useful for this through their actions such as correction of metabolism of muscle tissue (digestive fire within Mamsa Dhatu), overcoming the sluggishness in Mamsa and Medo Dhatu, refreshing Mamsa Dhatu and causing its nourishment and increase.(i.e Mamsa Dhatvagni Vardhana, Mamsa Gata Dosha – Ama Pachana, Mamsa,and Medo Shaithilya Nashan, Mamsa Prasadan, Mamsa Vardhana). Also this result is evident from the update researches on Guduchi and Atibala, Haritaki on musculoskeletal system.
Expelling of fetus-(Misacrriages/ Abortions): Sometimes the fetus gets expelled out before it is properly embedded and adapted inside uterus „the Garbha Shaiyya‟, and sometimes this tendency continues and there is a continuous threat of miscarriages or abortions. The factors causing Rakta Gata Pitta Prakopa are found to be amongst the underlying causes leading to these deformities.[32] Rakta Gata Pitta Prakopa is caused by consumption of Ushna, Tikshna factors.[32] This can develop abnormalities in Rakta, like „RaktaUdriktatva‟ i.e. agitated fast flowing Rakta with high volume[33], Tanu Rakta i.e. Rakta having a much reduced density[34] and Askandi Rakta i.e. Rakta with a tendency of non-coagulation.[35,32] Such types of „Rakta Dushti‟ can develop bleeding tendencies, that increase the maximum risk of habitual abortions. The Dravyas in Prajasthapan Mahakashaya like Vatyapushpi (Atibala), Priyangu, Durva, Kadali, Guduchi, Kutaki have capacity to control bleedings by their actions like „Raktatipravriti Nashan‟ (stopping of bleeding), „Rakta Skandana‟ (coagulation) and „Raktasthapan‟ (maintain to normalcy). The control of bleeding tendencies can be helpful to avoid the threat of early expulsion of fetus. This is also evident from the update researches on these Dravyas that focus on their hemostatic effect.
Correcting circulation defects: Sometimes the deep rooted disease pathologies in the female‟s body are also responsible for obstruction to Prajathapan action, in the form of either infertility or miscarriages.[25] Some Dravyas from this Mahakashaya are directly having specific disease curing capacity (Rogaghnata). As can be found in the table. For example- For curing Vatarakta- Dravyas like Bramhi, Guduchi, Haritaki, for Prameha- Bramhi, Kutaki, Haritaki etc. Thus, some of the MK Dravyas probably execute Prajasthapan action by,basically treating the pathology that is creating obstacles in Prajasthapan. The update researches also indicate this by evaluating the Anti-Microbial, Antibacterial, Anticancer, Antidiabetic, Antimutagenic, Antioxidant, Antiviral, Cardioprotective, Hepato protective, immunodulatory actions of the dravyas like Haritaki, Guduchi, Kutaki .These pathologies are amongst the recognized anti Prajasthapan causes.
Circulation medium i.e. „Rasa Rakta‟ as per Ayurveda is a very vital entity for its peculiar functional capability. Carakacharya has also indicated that, the diseases can be corrected by correcting the process of circulation i.e. stabilized Rasa Rakta Samvahan. This is because; logically due to the correction of transport medium of medicine in the body, the ideal treatment of that disease is able to reach the appropriate sites in appropriate time, and start yielding positive results.[41] With this reasoning; if the Dosha vitiation in Rasa and Rakta are cured, then the ideal Rasa Rakta Samvahan i.e. ideal circulation, will be established in mother‟s body. As a result, the ideal effect will reduce the outcome of disease pathology.This can thereby reduce the possible anti Prajasthapan effect of pathology as stated above.
Placental abnormality, leading to faulty fetal circulation, is one of the major causes of fetal wastage. The ideal circulation will also competently nourish the fetus. This will also subsequently achieve ideal organ sustenance of the fetus (Garbhavayava Poshan). Faulty nourishment may precipitate organ malformation in fetus. This can cause the immature death of fetus due to uncertain viability of its organs like „fetal heart malformation‟. Actually Ayurveda has considered the crucial role of Rakta in the process of fetal organ development. Hence, there is a great importance of correction of deformed Rakta in mother‟s body, for avoiding the threat of fetal organ defects. The Dravyas from Prajasthapan Mahakashaya, that are actually capable to execute Prajasthapan action with this focus are Durva, Guduchi, Kutaki, Haritaki by their actions like Rasa Gata Pitta Saman, Rasa Prasadana, Rakta Gata Ama Pachana, Rakta Gata Visha Nashan, Rakta Gata Tridosha Shaman, Jivan, Rasa Rakta Prasadan, Dhatuvaha Srotovibandha Nashan etc. The update researches support the actions of these Dravyas like the antitoxic, hepatoprotective and cardio protective, antioxidant and actions on digestive system, genitourinary and reproductive system.
Therapeutic actions contributed, in majority; by this Mahakashaya Dravyas are – Out of 10, six Dravyas cure Daha, four Dravyas are Pachana, five Dravyas cure Chardi, Visha, Jwara, Raktapitta, Kushtha, and four Dravyas offer cure for diseases like Prameha, Vatarakta, Pliha
Vikara. These conditions create obstacles in Prajasthapan in some or the other way.
Thus, the present study emphasizes and logically justifies, the Charakacharya‟s notion that Prajasthapan MK is capable of covering all the possible obstacles for Prajasthapan through the varied therapeutic actions of its Dravyas.

Importace of focusing on the aspect of Dhatu Dushti in a disease:-

In Ayurveda Dhatu (Structural unit of body) represent strength and immunity. Though Dosha (The vitiating entity) is the doer(Karta)-basic unit for onset of pathogenesis they unavoidably need the (Karma- on which the Dosha manifest) for expressing themselves. The combination and execution of Nidana (cause), Dosha (Vitiating entity) and Dushya (Sufferer) in a precise framework, actually decides the diverseness in disease pathogenesis.⁽²⁾ The disarranged Doşawhen comes in contact with different Dhātu and Mala    together with different  location  and  etiological  factors give rise to different form of disease⁽⁵⁾. This pathogenesis process comprises of two basic events as described in the following Sutra.⁽³⁾

a)       Yatha dushtena doshena -Nidana(causative factors), directing the Dosha Dushti & triggering the disease pathogenesis, which is responsible for DhatuDaurbalya(weakening of Dhatu )

b)       Yathacha anuvisarpita - Anusarpan (spreading of the DushtaDosha), through the Rogamargas. In this process RaktaDhatu has a major role to play.

Each Dhatu has its typical embedded structural and functional qualities. Transformation during pathogenesis brings some structural and functional disturbances in a normal constitution of a Dhatu and reflects specific characters. Ex-GramyaAhara⁽⁴⁾ causes

This process can be evaluated on the basis of Ayurvedic principles based on DoshaGunas(properties).

This typical abnormal condition of a Dhatu is referred as DhatuDushti (vitiated Dhatu).This DhatuDushti is represented by various DhatuAwastha(deranged condition of Dhatu)⁽⁶⁾

These Awastha are found at various stages of the disease, as the disease progresses.Grasping and treating these Awastha in right time can check a disease pathogenesis and even prognosis. A vitiated DhatuAwastha as found in texts are classified as -1) Kshaya 2) Vriddhi 3) DushtiAwasthas. Ex- Visarpa- Twak, Rakta, Mamsa,Lasika-Dushti.^(7).The DushtiAwastha of Dhatu can be explored from the following terms found in texts indicating DhatuDushti. Ex- In Raktapitta-SaptaDhatu- Swinnatwa(perspiration) is described.⁽⁸⁾. In Kushtha-Twak, Rakta, Mamsa, Lasika,Sirā –Shaithilya(to let pass) is described⁽⁹⁾.In Visarpa-Twak, Rakta, Mamsa, Lasika-Klinnatva(Accumulation of unduemoisture), Shirnatva(Perishable)^(10). Development of DhatuAwasthas in different disease can be analyzed through the Ayurvedic principles such as –

·         Amshamshakalpana (Action of-properties of Dosha on Dhatu in a typical manner-. i.e permutations & combination of properties of one or more Dosha).

Vata	Rūkşa, Cala, Sūkşma, Laghu	Stanya, Rakta, Twak - Twak,Mamsa------	Phenilatva (froathy) Tanutva (Emaciation) Shosha (decication)(33)
Pitta	Uşņa, Drava, Snigdha ,             / + Tikşhņa	Rasa, Rakta, Māmsa	Klinnatva.(30) Paka,(Ripening)(34)(35) Kotha.(Gangrene)(16)
Kapha	Guru, Manda, Sthira (in diffrringproportios)	Rakta, Māmsa	Grathitava,( Knotted)(32) Ghana (Copious)(31) Bahalatva .
Pitta, Kapha	Drava , Snigdha, + ushna	Māmsa, Twak, Rakta	Śaithilya ,Abaddha(11)
Vata  Pitta	Rūkşa,Khara,Sūkşma+Uşņa,/ + Tikşhņa,Laghu,Sara	Māmsa , Twak	Śīrņatva , Śātanaa (Causing to fall)

By knowing the factors involved in pathogenesis, sometimes the successive Awasthas can be predictable. As these are found to have affinity to proceed towards particular tracks of progression. These are readily quoted in CharakSamhitaNidanaSthana as- Agneya (towards warmth- can be wet or dry), Vayaviya (dry-cold), Saumya(wet-unctous-cold)⁽¹²⁾.

Ex- Awasthas found successively in Vatavyadhi- with the responsible properties (Amshamshakalpana)⁽¹³⁾

Rūkşatva-Drying	Rūkşa
Parūşatva- increased dryness	Rūkşa,Khara+++
Śoşaņa	Rūkşa+, Khara(++),Uşņa
Sankocana(Atrophy)	Rūkşa++,Khara++ , Kathiņa
Akshepa(Tremors)	Rūkşa, Khara, Kathiņa,Sheeta

These successive Awasthas occurring in one or more Dhatus, from initial to final stages of disease, have tendency to lead a Dhatu towards deterioration. Also the disease prognosis becomes bad due to it⁽¹⁴⁾. Ex-

Visarpa,Kushtha	Mamsa,Twak,Rakta	Stage-1 Shaithilya,Tanutva(15)	Stage-2 Shirnatva(10)	Stage-3 Shatana—PakaKotha(16)
Vatavyadhi	Asthi	Bheda (breaking pain)(17)	Souśirya(hollowness)(18)	Śoşa(18)

·         Ashrayashrayibhava-(Substrate & Substratum relation of Dosha&Dhatu)-

The concept of (Substrate & Substratum relation of Dosha&Dhatu)-  is pacified prominently in case of RaktaDhātu, being the substrate of Pitta is more prone to DhātuAvasthās due to Pitta i.e more than 50% of them..Ex-Askanditatva(Not coagulating) Pāka, Vidāha, Swinnatva, Utsanna(raised), Udrikta-Predominant, Ulbaņa- comparatively increased.^{(19)(20)(21)(22).}

·         Panchamahabhautik constitution (dominant element amongst the 5 elements)-

The proneness of a Dhatu towards a particular Awastha depends on the Mahabhautik constitution (dominant element amongst the 5 elements) of that Dhatu. Ex-Phenila, PicchillaAvasthās are only found in Drava Dhātus. - Śātana, Dāraņa is separation of a portion of Dhātu structure which requires Ghana, Sthira, SthoolaDhātu like Māmsa, Sirā, Twak etc. - Askanditatva in Rakta it’s particularly due to Śītoşņa, Sara, Drava etcGuņas in RaktaDhātu ,Saumyāgneya nature,(Jala+Agni)constitution.

v  The concept of Anusarpan (spreading of the DushtaDosha)-

In the Ayurveda system of medicine RaktaDhatu has a remarkable position in our body. It is considered as the symbol of life, one of the 10 dwelling spots of Prana(liveliness) in our body. It is the basic nutritional currency of all other Dhatus and hence is said to highly protected. Body’s vital competence i.e strength, complexion happiness and wellbeing depends on Rakta.⁽²³⁾Spreading of vitiated Dosha is the root cause of onset of a pathogenesis along with Nidana. Though Dosha are the triggering factors for pathogenesis  ,stillRakta amongst the 7 Dhatus is considered to be equally potent for execution of it by the Acharyas⁽²⁴⁾.-

Sushruta- Prasara(Spreading of  Dosha).one of the Shatkriyakala (6 stages of Dosha manifestation  in pathogenesis ).Among the 15 ways of  DoshaPrasara, 8 ways are with the help of Rakta. (Rakta= Agni+ JalaMahabhuta/elements-capable of stimulating and travelling).⁽²⁵⁾

Charaka- Dravatva(Liquidity) and Saratva(stimulating) qualities of Rakta are acknowledged as the key factors that act correspondingly to Vata(the only,moving entity among Dosha) in execution of a disease pathogenesis.⁽²⁶⁾

Thus vitiated Rakta carries the foundation of various pathogenesis.Hence when a disease is not found to get cured with its defined line of treatment, addition of Rakta treatment to it is advised to achieve success in its treatment.⁽²⁷⁾Rakta can lead the path of pathogenesis as seen from evidence of Rakta properties in successively deteriorating Awasthas.^(9)(28)

It can also be seen in Kushtha Vyadhi in context of Mamsa Dhatu

Mamsa Dhatu

·         Śaithilya - Snigdha + Drava + Sara ·         Klinnatva - Snigdha + Uşņa + Drava ·         Pāka – Snigdha + Uşņa +++ , ·         Kotha - Snigdha +Drava+ Tikşhņa ·         Śātana -Uşņa +Laghu+ Sara +Tikşhņa +++

Hence it can be summarized that -

·         Steps in Pathogenesis bring disturbances in normal Dhatu constitution and reflect specific characters in it,referred as (Dushti)vitiated DhatuAwastha .

·         DushtiAwastha of Dhatu, found scatterred in various disease pathogensis can be logically explored and classified on basis of Principles of Ayurved.

·         One or more Doşa produce different Avasthās in a Dhātu by Amśāmśakalpanā.

·         Awasthas of Dhatu proceed towards particular tracks of progression. Agneya ,Vayaviya ,  Saumya.

·         Successive Awasthas can lead a Dhatu towards deterioration.

·         The proneness of a Dhatu towards a particular Awastha depends on the Mahabhautik constitution  of that Dhatu  and Ashrayashrayibhava(of Dosha and Dhatu)

·         Vitiated RaktaDhatu, acting significantly in execution of Prasara(spreading of Doshas) carries the foundation of various pathogenesis.

Thus by being aware of the underlying nature of Dhātu condition, the onset and progress of pathogenesis can be grasped which can ensure an increased success rate of treatment as demanded in the NaimittikRasayan concept.⁽²⁹⁾